Most filters, unless specified for solar pictures, are not safe. A good filter for taking sun photos must have some metal particles in it to block out the light. Also, never watch a partial eclipse with bare eyes. We tend to put the eclipse in the center of our viewing field and the rays will burn in a part of the eyes at that exact spot. I remember a guy who did so when I was in primary school and after watching the eclipse he had a spot burned in his eye preventing him from seeing the first letter of everything he read.
One of the safest ways to observe and photograph it is using the indirect method where you make a box with a pinhole that projects on a white screen and then photograph that screen. If you don't have access to a filter, that's the way to do it on the cheap.